Plantagenet

Continuing the Counts of Anjou - from counts to Kings of England
Henry 'the Young King', Junior King of the English Born 28 February 1155, Died 11 June 1183 Henry, known as the Young King reigned from 28 February 1155 until his death,11 June 1183. He was the second of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine but the first to survive infancy. He was officially King of England; Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine. His mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France were Marie of France, Countess of Champagne and Alix of France, Countess Blois. He had one older brother, William IX, Count of Poitiers (d. 1156), and his younger siblings included Matilda, Duchess of Saxony; Richard I of England; Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany; Eleanor, Queen of Castile; Joan, Queen of Sicily; and John of England. In June 1170, the fifteen-year-old Henry was crowned king during his father's lifetime, a practice originally practiced by the French Capetian dynasty and adopted by the English kings Stephen and Henry II. He was known in his own lifetime as "Henry the Young King" to distinguish him from his father. Because he predeceased his father, he is not counted in the numerical succession of kings of England. Nonetheless, he was an anointed king. On 2 November 1160, he was betrothed to Margaret of France, daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile, when he was 5 years of age and she was 2. The marriage was an attempt to finally settle the struggle between the Counts of Anjou and the French Kings over possession of the frontier district of the Norman Vexin, which Louis VII acquired from Henry II's father, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, around 1144. By the terms of the settlement, Margaret would bring the castles of the Norman Vexin to her new husband. However, the marriage was pushed through by Henry II when Young Henry and Margaret were small children, so that he could seize the castles. A bitter border war followed between the kings. They were formally married on 27 August 1172 at Winchester Cathedral, when Henry was crowned king of England a second time, this time together with Margaret, by Rotrou, the archbishop of Rouen. Contemporary chroniclers allege that it was due to the young man's frustration that his father had given him no realm to rule, and feeling starved of funds. And, he did not have a good relationship with younger brother, Richard, either. If they weren't both fighting their father, they were fighting each other. Henry died 11 June 1183 (aged 28)Castle of Martel, Lot Child of Henry and Margaret of France William of England (died young)
Richard I 'The Lionheart' or 'Coeur de Lion', King of England Born 8 September 1157, Died 6 April 1199 Richard I, King of England was born in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. He was the son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' d'Anjou, King of England and Eleanor, Duchesse d'Aquitaine. He was a Roman Catholic. When he was eleven years old he recieved the Duchy of Aquitaine, and was formally installed in 1172. In 1173 Richard joined with the young Henry and Geoffrey of Brittany in their rebellion against their father. Aquitaine was twice invaded by the old king before the unruly youth would make submission. Richard was soon pardoned and reinstated in his duchy, where he distinguished himself by crushing a formidable revolt (1175) and exacting homage from the count of Toulouse. In a short time he was so powerful that his elder brother Henry became alarmed and demanded, as heir-apparent, that Richard should do him homage for Aquitaine. Richard having scornfully rejected the demand, a fratricidal war ensued; the young Henry invaded Aquitaine and attracted to his standard many of Richard's vassals, who were exasperated by the iron rule of the duke. Henry II marched to Richard's aid; but the war terminated abruptly with the death of the elder prince in 1183. He was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was known as Cœur de Lion, or Richard the Lionheart, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The Saracens called him Melek-Ric or Malek al-Inkitar - King of England. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of Philip Augustus and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, but was unable to reconquer Jerusalem. Before leaving Cyprus Richard married Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. Richard first grew closer to her at a tournament held in Berengaria's native Navarre.[72] The wedding was held in Limassol on 12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St. George. It was attended by his sister Joan, whom Richard had brought from Sicily. The marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendor and many feasts and entertainments, and public parades, and celebrations followed, to commemorate the event. Among the other grand ceremonies was a double coronation. Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus, and Berengaria Queen of England and of Cyprus too. When Richard married Berengaria de Navarre, daughter of Sancho VI, Rey de Navarre and Sanchia de Castilla, on 12 May 1191 at Chapel of St. George, Limassol, Cyprus. he was still officially betrothed to Alys (Alix) of France He died on 6 April 1199 at age 41 at Chalus, Limousin, France.3 He was buried at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud, France. Child of Richard and Joan de St. Pol : Falk_?_ (illegitimate) Child of Richard I Philip, Lord de Cognac (illegitimate) married Amelia de Cognac. He died after 1201.	King Richard I
John I 'Lackland', King of England Born 24 December 1167, Died 19 October 1216 John I, King of England was born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. He was the son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' d'Anjou, King of England and Eleanor, Duchesse d'Aquitaine. He married, firstly, Isabella de Clare, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of William fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Hawise de Beaumont, on 29 August 1189 at Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. He and Isabella de Clare in 1199. He married Isabella d'Angoulême, daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Comte d'Angoulême and Alice de Courtenay on 24 August 1200 at Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux in Dauphine, France. He succeeded to the title of King John I of England on 6 April 1199 and crowned King of England on 27 May 1199 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. John died of dysentery on Wednesday 19 October 1216 at Newark. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. He was one of England's most unpopular monarchs due to his cruelty and deceit. While Richard I was imprisoned abroad, in 1193 John tried to assume the throne. He was banished, but soon reconciled and made his brother's heir. He married Isabella of Gloucester and then divorced her after his accession to the throne and married Isabella of Angouleme. John imposed crippling taxes and tightened the already severe forest laws, to raise revenue for his war against the French. This war cost him Normandy and led to high inflation resulting in widespread poverty. The whole population, was in a state of near rebellion. The barons drew up a document which they were intent upon John signing. This document was not a formal constitution but a practical statement that the King must respect institutional customs and law. On Monday 15 June 1215 King John reluctantly signed and sealed the document on the island of Runnymeade in the Thames. This was one of the most memorable events in English history, the document is known as the Magna Carta.	King John I
Partners and children
Children of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Hawise de Tracy Oliver Died 1290 Osbert Gifford Died 1216 Geoffrey FitzRoy Died 1205 John FitzJohn Odo FitzRoy Died circa 1242 Ivo Henry Richard of Wallingford Matilda of Barking Isabella la Blanche Child of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Agatha de Ferrers Joan Child of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Clementina Joan Born about 1195, Died 1237 Children of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Isabella d'Angoulême Henry III, King of England Born 1 October 1207 Died 16 November 1272 Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall Born 5 Jan 1209 Died 2 April 1272 Joan of England Born 22 July 1210 Died 4 March 1238 Isabella of England Born 1214 Died 1 December 1241 Eleanor of England Born 1215 Died 13 April 1275 Child of John I 'Lackland', King of England and unknown de Warenne Richard Fitzroy, Baron of Chilham Born before 1216 Died 1245 - 1246

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Edited 31 October 2011